Mix Design
Mineral Admixture (SCM)
// Definition
Supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, metakaolin) added to concrete to partially replace cement. Improve durability and reduce environmental impact.
SCMs react pozzolanically with calcium hydroxide to form additional C-S-H. They reduce heat of hydration, refine pore structure, and lower CO₂ footprint.
// Related Indian Standards
IS 456IS 3812IS 12089
// Cross-references
Heat of Hydration
The heat released as cement reacts with water. Important for thermal control in mass concrete to avoid cracking from temperature gradients.
GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag)
A by-product of iron manufacturing, ground to cement fineness. Used as a supplementary cementitious material at 25-65% replacement of cement.
Fly Ash
A by-product of coal-fired power plants, used as a pozzolanic addition to concrete. Reacts with calcium hydroxide to form additional C-S-H.
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