Aggregates & Materials
Fly Ash
// Definition
A by-product of coal-fired power plants, used as a pozzolanic addition to concrete. Reacts with calcium hydroxide to form additional C-S-H.
Fly ash improves workability, reduces water demand, lowers heat of hydration, and enhances long-term durability. Typical replacement: 15-35% of cement.
// Related Indian Standards
IS 3812
// Cross-references
PPC (Portland Pozzolana Cement)
OPC blended with fly ash (15-35%). PPC offers better workability, lower heat of hydration, and improved long-term durability than OPC.
GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag)
A by-product of iron manufacturing, ground to cement fineness. Used as a supplementary cementitious material at 25-65% replacement of cement.
Mineral Admixture (SCM)
Supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, metakaolin) added to concrete to partially replace cement. Improve durability and reduce environmental impact.
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