GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag)
A by-product of iron manufacturing, ground to cement fineness. Used as a supplementary cementitious material at 25-65% replacement of cement.
GGBS reduces heat of hydration, refines pore structure, and improves resistance to sulfate and chloride attack. It increases setting time and slightly slows early strength gain.
OPC blended with GGBS (25-65%). Excellent for sulfate and chloride environments — common in coastal, marine, and aggressive soil conditions.
A by-product of coal-fired power plants, used as a pozzolanic addition to concrete. Reacts with calcium hydroxide to form additional C-S-H.
Supplementary cementitious materials (fly ash, GGBS, silica fume, metakaolin) added to concrete to partially replace cement. Improve durability and reduce environmental impact.